【下载文档: Python中正则表达式的用法实例汇总.txt 】
Python中正则表达式的用法实例汇总
正则表达式是Python程序设计中非常实用的功能，本文就常用的正则表达式做一汇总，供大家参考之用。具体如下：
一、字符串替换
1.替换所有匹配的子串
用newstring替换subject中所有与正则表达式regex匹配的子串
result, number = re.subn(regex, newstring, subject)
2.替换所有匹配的子串（使用正则表达式对象）
reobj = re.compile(regex)
result, number = reobj.subn(newstring, subject)
二、字符串拆分
1.字符串拆分
result = re.split(regex, subject)
2.字符串拆分（使用正则表示式对象）
reobj = re.compile(regex)
result = reobj.split(subject)
三、匹配
下面列出Python正则表达式的几种匹配用法：
1.测试正则表达式是否匹配字符串的全部或部分
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
if re.search(regex, subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
2.测试正则表达式是否匹配整个字符串
regex=ur"...\Z" #正则表达式末尾以\Z结束
if re.match(regex, subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
3. 创建一个匹配对象，然后通过该对象获得匹配细节
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
4.获取正则表达式所匹配的子串
(Get the part of a string matched by the regex)
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
result = match.group()
else:
result = ""
5. 获取捕获组所匹配的子串
(Get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
result = match.group(1)
else:
result = ""
6. 获取有名组所匹配的子串
(Get the part of a string matched by a named group)
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
result = match.group("groupname")
else:
result = ""
7. 将字符串中所有匹配的子串放入数组中
(Get an array of all regex matches in a string)
result = re.findall(regex, subject)
8.遍历所有匹配的子串
(Iterate over all matches in a string)
for match in re.finditer(r"<(.*?)\s*.*?/\1>", subject)
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
9.通过正则表达式字符串创建一个正则表达式对象
(Create an object to use the same regex for many operations)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
10.用法１的正则表达式对象版本
(use regex object for if/else branch whether (part of) a string can be matched)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
if reobj.search(subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
11.用法２的正则表达式对象版本
(use regex object for if/else branch whether a string can be matched entirely)
reobj = re.compile(r"\Z") #正则表达式末尾以\Z 结束
if reobj.match(subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
12.创建一个正则表达式对象，然后通过该对象获得匹配细节
(Create an object with details about how the regex object matches (part of) a string)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
13.用正则表达式对象获取匹配子串
(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by the regex)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
result = match.group()
else:
result = ""
14.用正则表达式对象获取捕获组所匹配的子串
(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
result = match.group(1)
else:
result = ""
15.用正则表达式对象获取有名组所匹配的子串
(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a named group)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
result = match.group("groupname")
else:
result = ""
16.用正则表达式对象获取所有匹配子串并放入数组
(Use regex object to get an array of all regex matches in a string)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
result = reobj.findall(subject)
17.通过正则表达式对象遍历所有匹配子串
(Use regex object to iterate over all matches in a string)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
for match in reobj.finditer(subject):
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
感兴趣的读者可以动手调试一下本文实例代码，相信会有新的收获。
