解决Python找不到ssl模块问题 No module named _ssl的方法


						python安装完毕后，提示找不到ssl模块：





[www@pythontab.com ~]$ python

Python 2.7.15 (default, Oct 23 2018, 18:08:43) 

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import ssl

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/ssl.py", line 60, in <module>

import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate

ImportError: No module named _ssl

>>>





解决方法：



1. 查看openssl安装包，发现缺少openssl-devel包







[www@pythontab.com ~]$ rpm -aq|grep openssl

openssl-0.9.8e-20.el5

openssl-0.9.8e-20.el5

[www@pythontab.com ~]$





2. yum安装openssl-devel







[www@pythontab.com ~]$ yum install openssl-devel -y

#查看安装结果

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ rpm -aq|grep openssl

openssl-devel-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64

openssl-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64



3. 重新编译python



修改Setup文件





vi /src/Python-2.7.15/Modules/Setup



修改结果如下：





# Socket module helper for socket(2)

_socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c

# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other

# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:

#SSL=/usr/local/ssl

_ssl _ssl.c \

-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \

-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto







4. 重新编译



进入源码目录，重新编译安装





[www@pythontab.com ~]$ cd /src/Python-2.7.15/

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ make

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ make install



5. 测试，已可正常使用。





[www@pythontab.com ~]$ python

Python 2.7.15 (default, Oct 23 2018, 19:08:43)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import ssl

>>>







注：如需保留旧版本的就不需要执行 6 .7两部

6 重命名旧版本的python依赖





ll /usr/bin | grep python

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7



7 删除旧的软链接，创建新的软链接到最新的python







rm -rf /usr/bin/python

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

python -V



使用yum命令报错File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30 except KeyboardInterrupt, e:



问题出现原因：

yum包管理是使用python2.x写的，将python2.x升级到python3.1.3以后，由于python版本语法兼容性导致问题出现



解决办法：



修改yum配置文件，将python版本指向以前的旧版本





# vi /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python2.7

修改urlgrabber-ext-down文件，更改python版本



# vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

#!/usr/bin/python2.7

Could not fetch URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/six/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping







如需安装pip



下载相关文件







curl http://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py





执行





/usr/local/python/bin/python3 get-pip.py



添加环境变量







vim ~/.bash_profile



添加下面这条参数





export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH



保存







source ~/.bash_profile



测试

执行





[root@huo ~]# python3

Python 3.6.5 (default, Apr 1 2018, 20:41:34)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>





执行脚本如下:



vim install_python.sh





#!/bin/bash

echo "正在安装相关组件"

yum install -y openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc-c++ gcc openssl-devel

 

echo "下载安装包"

wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz

 

echo "正在解压安装包"

tar -xf Python-3.6.5.tgz -C /root/ && cd /root/Python-3.6.5/

 

echo "添加ssl支持"

cat >> /root/Python-3.6.5/Modules/Setup.dist <<"EOF"

_socket socketmodule.c

 

SSL=/usr/local/ssl

_ssl _ssl.c \

-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \

-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

EOF

 

echo "正在编译安装Python"

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python && make && make install

cd /root

 

echo "删除安装包"

rm -rf /root/Python-3.6.5.tgz && rm -rf /root/Python-3.6.5

 

echo "正在添加环境变量"

echo "export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH">> ~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile

 

echo "安装完成,请执行python3进行测试"



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